COMMON LABORATORY APPARATUS

COMMON LABORATORY APPARATUS

     Beakers – are useful as a reaction container or to hold liquid or solid samples. They are also used to catch liquids from titrations and filtrates from filtering operations. 

    Bunsen burners – are sources of heat.

      
      Burets – are for addition of a precise volume of liquid. The volume of liquid added can be determined to the nearest 0.01 mL with practice.

 Clay Triangle – are placed on a ring attached to a ring stand as a support for a funnel, crucible, or evaporating dish.

       

Droppers – are for addition of liquids drop by drop.

      Erlenmeyer Flasks – are useful to contain reactions or to hold liquid samples. They are also useful to catch filtrates.

     Glass Funnels – are for funneling liquids from one container to another or for filtering when equipped with filter paper.

 Graduated Cylinder – for measurement of an amount of liquid. The volume of liquid can be estimated to the nearest 0.1mL with practice.

      

Pipets – are used to dispense small quantities of liquids.

     Ring stand with Rings – are for holding pieces of glassware in place.

    

      Test tubes – are for holding small samples or for containing scale reactions.

       Test tube holder – used for holding test tubes when tubes should not be touched.

       Tongs – are similar in function to forceps but are useful for larger items.

       
       Volumetric Flasks – are used to measure precise volumes of liquid or to make precise dilutions.

    

       Wash Bottles – are used for dispensing small quantities of distilled water.

       Watch Glasses – are for holding small samples or for covering beakers or evaporating dishes.

       Wire Gauze - supports beaker to be heated by Bunsen burners.

      Mortar and Pestle – used to grind or pulverized larger solid samples.

   Evaporating Dish – is a piece of laboratory glassware used for the evaporation of solids and supernatant fluids, and sometimes to their melting point.

     Thermometer – used to measure the temperature.

     Balance – used for measuring the mass.

    
    Test Tube Rack – used to hold/support test tubes containing chemicals waitihng for further operations.

   

        Test Tube Brush – made with nylon bristles attached to a twisted-wire shaft, used to knock the bottoms out of test tubes.

     Crucible with cover – is a container that hold small amount of sample that can withstand very high temperatures.

        Spatula and Spoon – used to scoop out solid reagents.

      Florence Flask – used a container to hold liquids. It has a round bottom with a single long neck designed for uniform heating and ease of swirling.

     Iron Clamps – used to hold things and is placed in an iron stand to elevate other equipment.

  Laboratory Safety Rules and Guidelines

   

1.  Dress appropriately in the laboratory. Wear a laboratory gown or coat to protect your clothing and minimize skin exposure. Shoes should completely cover the feet area (sandals are not allowed and as much as possible heeled shoes should not be used). Long hair should be tied back. 
2.  Wear protective goggles or glasses at all times in the laboratory. Goggles are eye-protection so that when there are liquid that splashes it will not come into the eyes. Contact lenses increase the risk of problems with eye safety even when protective goggles are worn. Inform your instructor if you are wearing contact lenses.
3.  Keep your working areas organized and clean as you work. Put your personal belongings like bags and books away from the working areas. Chairs and other obstacles should be set aside. After each laboratory experiments and activities, clean your work areas and make sure that gas valves and water faucets are closed. Clean and dry all glassware and equipment before returning to the stock room.
4.   Keep all chemical reagents (solids and liquids) in the assigned dispensing area. Do not bring the containers of any chemical reagents in your work area. Use test tubes, beakers, weigh boats and other applicable containers to obtain chemicals from the dispensing areas.
5.    Keep the balance and weighing area clean. Do not place chemicals directly on the balance pans instead use weighing papers or boats or any applicable containers for your samples. Never weigh hot objects.
6.    Check the name on the chemical reagent bottles before using them. Label every beaker, test tubes and containers where chemicals are transferred.
7.    Avoid contaminating chemical reagents. Never return unused chemicals to the reagent bottles. This is a possible source of possible contamination on the entire content of the bottle. Do not insert medicine droppers or pipets into reagent bottles; instead pour a little into a smaller container.
8.    Dispose wastes properly. Do not put anything into the trash or sink without thinking.

a.      Broken glasses should be pick and return to the stock area for proper disposal.

b.      Organic solvents should not be poured into the sink since they are immiscible with water. Return the waste to the stock area to be put on the “organic solvent wastes”. Solutions with heavy metals should be put on containers for “heavy metal waste”.

c.      Solutions poured in the sink should be washed with plenty of water.

d.      Ask your instructor if you are not sure how to properly dispose your wastes.

            9.    Avoid all direct contact with chemicals.

a.      Wash your hands immediately anytime you get chemicals on them and after every laboratory activities/experiments.

b.      Clean immediately all spillage before it dries up or goes into your skin and things.

c.      Never use your mouth when using a pipet.

d.     Never eat or drink in the laboratory.

e.    Do not look directly into the open end of a test tube while a reaction is being conducted. Do not point the open end of a test tube at someone while heating or mixing.

                f.    Inhale odors and chemicals with great caution. Waft vapors toward your nose.                           Use the fume hood for all irritating and toxic vapors.

        10. Handle glass with precautions. 
                  a. Do not heat graduated cylinders, burets, pipets or bottles with a Bunsen burner flame.
                  b. Do not hold a test tube in your hands during a chemical reaction.
                  c. Do not touch glass that has been near a flame. Use proper holders to handle them. Do not put directly on the laboratory table any heated containers.

        11. Learn the location and the proper use of safety equipment (fire extinguisher, eye wash, safety shower, and first aid kits).
                  a. Fire extinguisher can be used on small or minor fire. To use the fire extinguisher.
                              Pull the pin
                              Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire
                              Squeeze the handle
                              Sweep the fire
 
        12. Never work alone in the laboratory area.

        13. Report all accidents to your instructor no matter how small it may seem.

        14. Do not perform unauthorized experiments.

        15. Do not enter the laboratory room without your instructor.



RECORDED LECTURE

Laboratory Equipment/ Instrument Names, Meaning & Images | Laboratory Equipment Vocabulary

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